嘉峪关新城魏晋墓壁画砷铅矿族矿物颜料分析研究

Analysis of Mimetite-Group Minerals in Mural Paintings from the Wei and Jin Dynasty Tombs of Jiayuguan

嘉峪关新城魏晋壁画墓是河西走廊重要的文化遗产,壁画所用颜料类型与其他遗址存在一定差异,尤其是黄色颜料。利用便携式X射线荧光、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱及扫描电镜-能谱等方法,对嘉峪关新城魏晋壁画墓6、7号墓砖壁画的黄色颜料进行了分析研究。结果表明,黄色颜料显色成分以砷铅矿族矿物中的钒铅矿Pb5(VO4)3Cl为主,部分黄色颜料中还发现了钼铅矿PbMoO4,对照河西走廊矿产分布资料认为黄色颜料来源于嘉峪关附近,由此推断魏晋时期这一区域墓葬砖壁画颜料的选择还处于探索阶段,研究结果对于深入解读魏晋时期壁画颜料类型具有重要意义。

The Wei and Jin dynasty tombs with murals in Jiayuguan are important works of cultural heritage of the Hexi Corridor. The types of pigments used in the murals are different from those found at other sites, especially the yellow pigments. Multiple methods such as portable X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive spectrometer( SEM-EDS) were performed to study the yellow pigments in No.6 and No.7 tomb murals at Jiayuguan. The results show that the chemical components of the pigments mainly contain vanadium, with occasional traces of wulfenite. According to the mineral distribution data of the Hexi Corridor, it can be determined that the yellow pigments were extracted from the area in direct proximity to Jiayuguan. The result of this research is of great significance for explaining the sources of pigments used to create the Wei and Jin dynasty tomb murals.