长江流域濒危水生野生动物保护现状及展望

Conservation status and prospects of endangered aquatic wildlife in Yangtze River basin

受人类活动影响,长江流域水生野生动物的生存环境日趋恶化,生物多样性持续下降,部分物种已极度濒危。通过文献收集法,梳理长江流域濒危水生野生动物物种现状,发现多个物种的自然种群数量已极低,部分物种已极度濒危,亟待进行保护。分析造成长江流域水生野生动物濒危的主要原因,并展望相应的保护对策:①加强对整个生态系统的保护和重视,提倡综合流域保护模式;②完善现有法律法规,尽早颁布《长江保护法》;③以就地保护为主,迁地保护为辅;④呼吁拆除部分水利设施,建立专项补偿;⑤加强相关执法监督;⑥加强濒危水生野生动物保护的科研投入;⑦鼓励公众参与,加强公民保护意识,促进长江流域濒危水生野生动物保护工作发展。

Due to the negative influence of human activities, the living environment of aquatic wildlife in the Yangtze River basin has been deteriorating, biodiversity continues to decrease, and some species are critically endangered. On the basis of literature review, the study carded the status of endangered aquatic wildlife species in the Yangtze River basin and discovered that the natural population number of many species has been extremely low and some of them have been endangered or extinct. They need to be protected immediately. Corresponding protection and management measures have been adopted by the Chinese government, and a relevant legal system for aquatic wildlife protection has been initially formed with some achievements. But the overall condition is still not optimistic. The factors that lead to the aquatic animal crisis in the Yangtze River are systematically studied in this article. Based on the analysis, corresponding protection measures are proposed: ①put more emphasis on the protection of the entire ecosystem, and promote an integrated watershed protection model;②improve existing laws and regulations, and promulgate the Yangtze River Protection Law as soon as possible;③put major focus on local protection, with ex situ conservation as an auxiliary measure;④call for the demolition of some water conservancy facilities, and the establishment of special compensation;⑤strengthen related law enforcement supervision;⑥increase investment in scientific research on the protection of endangered aquatic wildlife;⑦encourage public participation and strengthen citizens’ awareness of protection, in order to promote the development of endangered aquatic wildlife protection in the Yangtze River basin.