生态文明建设背景下退捕渔民参与渔业监督管理研究

Study on fishermen’s participation in fisheries surveillance who have quit fishing in eco-civilization construction

生态文明建设背景下,我国渔业监督管理要求不断提高,捕捞能力压减和禁渔范围扩大产生的退捕渔民安置成为重要课题。从公共参与社会治理理论、渔业监督管理现实需求、退捕渔民安置需求方面分析退捕渔民参与渔业监督管理的必要性,从法律依据、渔民意愿调查结果和渔民能力优势、相关实践基础方面分析退捕渔民参与渔业监督管理的可行性,并对林业管理中的护林人、治安管理中的辅协警的制度化发展情况进行分析借鉴。对我国退捕渔民参与渔业监督管理提出如下建议:(1)明确渔业巡护员的法律地位与职责;(2)根据所在水域面积、退捕渔民的实际情况以及巡护难易程度等设置人员数量;(3)建立统一的招录标准;(4)建立统一的管理机构;(5)加强岗前培训和在职培训;(6)建立以培训结果和平时工作表现为考核标准的考核制度;(7)建立多角度监督体系;(8)将部分经费纳入政府财政预算中,确保资金来源的稳定性,保障渔业巡护员的基本权益。

To meet the requirements of eco-civilization construction, it is an urgent demand to enhance fisheries surveillance for better fisheries resource conservation.How to well relocate the fishermen who have quitted fishing owing to the reduction of fishing capacity and the expansion of no-fishing zones has become an important project. This paper analyzes the necessity of fishermen’s participation in fisheries surveillance from the theory of public participation in social governance, the actual demand of fisheries management and the relocation demands of fishermen who quit fishing;its feasibility was analyzed from legal grounds, the result of survey on fishermen’s will and advantage of fishermen’ ability as well as the existing practice. After, analyzing the institutionalization of forest ranger and auxiliary police, in order to promote fishermen’s participation in fisheries surveillance, the following suggestions were made:(1) clarify the legal status and responsibilities of fishermen participating in fisheries surveillance;(2)set the number of participants according to the state of water area and fishermen as well as the difficulty of patrol;(3)set a uniform recruitment standard;(4) establish a unified regulatory agency;(5) strengthen pre-job training and on-the-job training;(6) establish review system based on training and work performance;(7) establish a multi-angle supervision system;(8) incorporate part of the funding into the government budget to ensure the stability of investment, and safeguard the basic rights and interests of fishery patrol officers.