1125例非节段型白癜风皮损分布的相关因素分析

Analysis of factors associated with skin lesion distribution in 1125 patients with non-segmental vitiligo

目的分析非节段型白癜风皮损分布与性别、发病年龄、病程、自身免疫病病史或家族史、白癜风家族史等因素的相关性。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2019年1月在北京医院皮肤科确诊的1125例非节段型白癜风患者的临床资料,应用SPSS 20.0软件通过独立样本t检验及χ^2检验对数据进行统计学分析。结果1125例非节段型白癜风患者中,男599例,女526例,男女比例1.14∶1,发病年龄(27.9±17.1)岁,病程(5.2±8.0)年。皮损累及率最高的部位是躯干(544例,48.4%)和面部(535例,47.6%),其次是肢端(430例,38.2%)、四肢(297例,26.4%)和颈部(231例,20.5%)。599例男性口周(17.2%)、手部(47.9%)及外生殖器部位(14.5%)的受累率高于526例女性(9.7%、22.6%、6.3%,χ^2值分别为13.33、77.66、20.01,均P<0.001),而女性颈部(27.0%)的受累率则高于男性(14.9%,χ^2=25.29,P<0.001)。下肢、膝部、足部、躯干、外生殖器及眼周受累的白癜风患者发病年龄显著低于相应部位未受累者(均P<0.05),而上肢和手部受累者发病年龄显著高于上述部位未受累者(均P<0.05)。自身免疫性甲状腺病病史或家族史阳性的患者手部受累率(50.0%)高于阴性者(27.9%,χ^2=6.62,P=0.010)。有白癜风家族史者躯干受累率(59.6%)高于无白癜风家族史者(45.7%,χ^2=13.36,P<0.001)。结论非节段型白癜风皮损的分布模式与性别、发病年龄、自身免疫病病史或家族史以及白癜风家族史等因素均有一定相关性。

Objective To analyze correlations of the distribution of non-segmental vitiligo lesions with gender,age of onset,duration of disease,personal and family history of autoimmune diseases,family history of vitiligo,and so on.Methods Clinical data were collected from 1125 patients with confirmed non-segmental vitiligo in Department of Dermatology,Beijing Hospital from January 2009 to January 2019,and analyzed retrospectively.Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 20.0 software by using independent-sample t test and chi-square test.Results Of the 1125 patients with non-segmental vitiligo,599 were males and 526 were females,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.14∶1.Their age of onset was 27.9±17.1 years,and duration of disease was 5.2±8.0 years.Skin lesions mostly occurred on the trunk(544 cases,48.4%)and face(535 cases,47.6%),followed by acral regions(430 cases,38.2%),extremities(297 cases,26.4%)and neck(231 cases,20.5%).The perioral region(17.2%),hands(47.9%)and genital region(14.5%)in the 599 male patients were more frequently affected than those in the 526 females(9.7%,22.6%,6.3%,χ^2=13.33,77.66,20.01,respectively,all P<0.001),while the neck(27.0%)was more frequently affected in the female patients than in the male patients(14.9%,χ^2=25.29,P<0.001).The age of onset was significantly lower in the patients with vitiligo lesions involving the legs,knees,feet,trunk,genital and periocular regions than in those without skin lesions on the above corresponding body sites(all P<0.05),but significantly higher in the patients with vitiligo lesions involving the arms and hands than in those without lesions on the above 2 sites(both P<0.05).Vitiligo lesions more likely occurred on the hands of patients with a personal or family history of autoimmune thyroid diseases compared with those without the personal or family history(50.0%vs.27.9%,χ^2=6.62,P=0.010).The trunk was more frequently affected in the patients with a family history of vitiligo than in those without(59.6%vs.45.7%,χ^2=13.36,P<0.001).Conclusion The distribution of non-segmental vitiligo lesions are correlated to some extent with gender,age of onset,personal and family history of autoimmune diseases and family history of vitiligo.