羟基磷灰石抗菌改性的研究与应用

Research and application of antibacterial modification of hydroxyapatite

背景:羟基磷灰石由于其良好的组织相容性及骨传导性已经被广泛应用于骨材料的研究,但单纯羟基磷灰石不具备抗菌性能,因此对羟基磷灰石进行抗菌修饰就显得非常重要。目的:阐述羟基磷灰石抗菌修饰的相关研究进展。方法:应用计算机检索Science Direct online数据库、PubMed、中国知网数据库,纳入建库以来至2019年发表的相关文献。检索英文关键词为"antibacterialmechanism,hydroxyapatite,Silver,Gold,copper,cobalt,chitosan,strontium,zinc,gallium,magnesium,selenium,titanium",中文关键词"抗菌机制,抑菌机制,杀菌机制,羟基磷灰石,银,金,铜,钴,壳聚糖,锶,锌,镓,镁,硒,钛"。排除相关性低、重复文献和陈旧文献。结果与结论:羟基磷灰石的抗菌修饰方法众多,但主要以添加金属抗菌粒子为主,银、金、铜、钴、壳聚糖、锶、锌、镓、镁、硒、钛这些物质都能添加进入羟基磷灰石并使其具有抗菌活性。目前抗菌材料的研究还存在几点不足:抗菌离子在羟基磷灰石中的释放曲线尚不能很好的调控;目前抗菌材料种类较少,能用于人体植入物的就更少,还需要发现更多无毒的具有良好抗菌性能的物质以便今后使用;由于抗菌离子具有的毒性问题,每种抗菌离子的最适抗菌离子浓度还没有一个统一标准。

BACKGROUND: Hydroxyapatite has been widely used in the studies on bone materials due to its good histocompatibility and bone conductivity. But pure hydroxyapatite has no antibacterial properties. Therefore, the antibacterial modification of hydroxyapatite is of great importance.OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of the antibacterial modification of hydroxyapatite. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval of Science Direct online, PubM ed, and CNKI databases was performed for the articles published before 2019. The key words were "antibacterial mechanism, hydroxyapatite, silver, gold, copper, cobalt, chitosan, strontium, zinc, gallium, magnesium, selenium, titanium" in English and Chinese, respectively. The irrelevant, repeated and old articles were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are many ways to modify hydroxyapatite, but the main way is to add metal antibacterial particles. Silver, gold, copper, cobalt, chitosan, strontium, zinc, gallium, magnesium, selenium and titanium can be added into hydroxyapatite to make it have antibacterial activity. There are still some limitations in the research of antibacterial materials: the release curve o f antibacterial ions in hydroxyapatite has not been well regulated. There are few antibacterial materials, let alone us ed for implants in vivo. More nontoxic substances with good antibacterial properties need to be found. Due to the toxicity of antibacterial ions, there is no unifor m standard for the optimal concentration of each kind of antibacterial ion.