合法性机制与科学精英组织的行动策略——基于澳洲国家科学院的分析

The Mechanism of Legitimacy and the Strategies of Scientific Elite Organizations——Case Studies of the Australian Academy of Science and the Royal Society of New Zealand

作为科学共同体与外部社会之间的“缓冲群体”,科学精英在一个国家的科技治理体系中扮演着重要的调和性角色。本文借鉴组织社会学的理论视角,基于澳新国家科学院的制度和话语文本,对支配科学精英组织运转的合法性机制进行说明。文章发现,尽管澳新国家科学院都拥有颇为坚实的法理基础,并且形成了正式组织所拥有的完备的规章制度与组织架构,但在寻求进一步发展的过程中,对于外部需求的回应,始终或明或暗地隐藏在其会员事务以及依托其成员开展的各项活动中。这一结论启示了,科学共同体的自我建设与外部的社会建设并非两个独立的议题,而是始终反身性地结合在一起。

As the"buffer group"between science community and the society,scientific elite plays an important mediating role in the nation's science&technology governance system.Based on the institutional texts of the Australian Academy of Science(AAS)and the Royal Society of New Zealand(RSNZ),this article draws on the theoretical perspective from the sociology of organization,and interprets the specific mechanism of legitimacy that dominates the actions and operation modes of scientific elite organizations.It finds that,although AAS and RSNZ both have solid legal basis which consists of legal texts and formal structures;the response to external needs has always been explicitly or implicitly hidden in their membership affairs and other activities.This conclusion points out that the self-construction of the scientific community and the external social construction are not two independent issues,but always combined reflexively.