《韩非子》的环境美学思想

Environmental Aesthetics of Han Feizi

《韩非子》的环境美学思想主要集中在关于天与道、道与理、理与物、物与文、人工与天工等关系的论述中。在天与道的关系上,天是自然界,道是天存在的根据,但天有时会违反道,于是自然界会出现灾异现象。这一观点提醒人们,自然环境可能会被破坏。在道与理的关系上,道是宇宙的总道理,而理则是一事一物的道理,通过循理而得道。这一观点提醒人们,自然环境既是多元的又是整一的。在理与物的关系上,理是物存在的根据,物是理的显现。在物与文的关系上,物有其存在的内在根据,即理,理外化为物之文,文就是物的形象。这一观点具有美学意味。在人工与天工的关系上,天工胜过人工,人工要“顺道”即遵循自然规律才能有所成就。《韩非子》以历史的眼光看待人与自然的关系:上古时期,自然资源丰富,人们无须过分劳累就可以得到生活资料;后来,由于人口增多,资源不足用,从而导致争夺。这一思想对于认识当今世界上的资源大战以及由此产生的环境危机具有重要的启迪意义。

The environmental aesthetics of Han Feizi concentrates on discussion of relationship between nature and Dao,Dao and reason,reason and object,object and form,artificial work and work of nature.In the relationship between nature and Dao,Dao is consisdered as the basis of the existence of nature.However,sometimes nature can be against Dao,and natural disasters happen.This is a reminder for people to notice that natural environment can be destroyed.On relationship between Dao and reason,Dao is considered as the whole truth of the universe,while reason is the truth of one thing,Dao can be attained by following the truth.This view of Han Feizi can remind people that environment can be both diverse and unified.On relationship between reason and object,reason is the basis of the existence of object while object is the appearance of reason.On relationship between object and form,Han Feizi believes that the internal basis of object is reason,reason is externalized as form of object.Form is the visualization of object,this is a aesthetic opinion.On relationship between artificial work and work of nature,Han Feizi believes that artificial work is far less than work of nature,and artificial work can be achieved greatly only by following the rules of nature.Han Feizi treats the relationship between human and nature from historical viewpoints,in ancient times when natural resources are abundant,people can be fulfilled with affluent means of livelihood without excessive fatigue,in contrast,due to the population increase,insufficient resources leads to scramble.The opinions of Han Feizi has significant enlightenment for us to gain cognition of the resource wars nowadays and environmental crisis as a result.