农正之政:中国传统农耕社会之“本位”分析

An Analysis of the“Root”of Chinese Traditional Agricultural Society

中国自古是一个以农耕文明为背景的国家,“农本”为根本,“农正”为大政。其历史经验告诉人们,无论在任何时候,这都是一个颠扑不破的至上道理。粮食是根本,土地是命脉,“社稷”正是两者合二为一的形象表述。田畴作为传统“地方”的演绎,原则为“方正”,上至都邑城郭、疆理形制,下至井田理念、街坊邻里、保甲制度等,皆从之。乡土社会从传统的自治到官治的社会政治结构的变迁,成为中国“三农”向背的依据。如今中国的粮农问题已经成为世界性的政治问题,特别是人口与土地的矛盾关系越来越突出,这一切都启示我们必须依然“重农”,是为国家政治的重中之重。中国正在推行乡村振兴战略,其核心价值仍表现为“农正—农政”,是为国家大政方针之“本位”。

Since ancient times,China has been a country with farming civilization as its background,with“agriculture as its root”.Food is the foundation,land is the lifeblood,and“the country”is the image expression of the combination of the food and land.The change of the social and political structure from traditional autonomy to government has become the basis for China’s“agriculture,countryside and farmers”.Nowadays,China’s grain and peasant problem has become a worldwide political problem,and especially the contradiction between population and land is becoming more and more prominent.Thus,we must still attach great importance to agriculture.China is implementing the strategy of rural rejuvenation.Its core value is still the root of the national policy.