分田分地:中共土改运动中的丈地评产问题——以汾西县为个案

Dividing fields and land:the issue of land evaluation and appraisal in the land Reform Movement of the Communist Party of China:A case study of Fenxi County

抗战胜利之后,随着国共内战危机升级及内战全面爆发,中共为动员民众支援战争在解放区发动了一场声势浩大的土改运动。然而能否最大限度地动员群众积极参与土改,土地分配则是一个至关重要的环节。汾西县在土改中重视丈地评产工作,不仅以有效的领导机构在实施上严格组织,且以民主评议的办法进行评定,经个别试验之后推广至全县,有力地推动了土地改革的深入发展。通过丈地评产,中共以此为契机改造了乡村社会,提升了农民参与乡村事务的积极性。

After the victory of the war of resistance against Japan,with the escalation of the crisis of the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the outbreak of the civil war,the Communist Party of China launched a land reform movement in the liberated areas in order to mobilize people to support the war.Land distribution is a crucial link,which can maximize the enthusiasm of the masses.In the land reform,the government of Fenxi attached great importance to the work of land appraisal.It not only organized the implementation of land appraisal strictly by effective leading bodies,but also evaluated it by democratic appraisal.This movement was promoted to the whole county after individual trials and deepen the land reform.Through land appraisal,the Communist Party of China took this opportunity to transform the rural society and enhance the enthusiasm of farmers to participate in affairs.