遗留在三江并流地区的千年古歌——“朵翀”歌舞调查综述

A Millennium-old Opera Reverberating in the Three-river Land——Review of A Survey on Duochong Opera

"朵翀"缘起于初建桑耶寺时期的一种古藏语吟唱的歌舞,随吐蕃势力发展向三江并流地区传播,距今已有1200多年的历史。据课题组初步调查表明,"朵翀"歌舞在金沙江、澜沧江上游地区的纳西族村落和纳藏杂居的村落多有传承,分作十二幕108首歌曲,其中还有长短调不等的序曲,穿插有四部话剧。内容均为积极向上、团聚和谐、教化人生礼仪等,体现人与人、人与自然、人与社会和谐共处的穿越时代的人类主题。目前,"朵翀"歌舞作为云南省非物质文化遗产得到一定程度的保护和传承,但在整理研究、培训人才、对外交流、传承创新等方面困难重重,需要从政府主导、社会力量支持和民间自觉传承等方面齐心聚力。

History of duochong opera dates back 12 centuries when the Sangye Temple was first built.Duochong was originally a dance accompanied by Tibetan ballads that spread to the region in west Yunnan traversed by three rivers-the Jinsha,the Lancang and the Nujiang-with the expanding Tibetan influence. Elementary results of the survey of the project team show that this opera is still circulating in both the Naxi and the Naxi-Tibetan villages in the upper reaches of the Jinsha River and the Lancang River. The whole opera consists of 12 acts,including 108 songs,both major and minor preludes as well as four dramas. Themes of the opera concern timeless and universal values,such as progressiveness,industry,unity,harmony,etiquettes and advocacy of man-man,man-nature and man-society friendship. Duochong opera has now been listed and protected as provincial intangible cultural heritage,but difficulties have been encountered regarding its research,reorganization,personnel training,exchange project,inheritance and innovation. To overcome these difficulties,joint efforts such as government leadership,social support and popular heritance are needed.