基于医源性感染全过程分析的医院建筑生物安全风险控制

Biosafety Risk Control in Hospital Buildings Based on Analysis of HealthcareAssociated Infections Transmission Process

为应对感染防控难度加剧的挑战,贯彻"过程控制比结果监测重要"的防控思想,明晰建筑设计在过程控制中的作用,文章立足医源性感染发生过程的分析,阐述了空间环境的作用途径。通过文献提取与专家访谈相结合的方式,遴选感染相关的空间环境风险因子,进一步运用专家问卷法对因子的风险性进行独立评估,据此建构了建筑学视角的风险控制模型,指出建筑设计应通过功能配置、空间组织、物理环境、设施设备等四种途径的联合,重点针对微生物条件、人员转移行为和接触行为进行控制。

In order to cope with the challenge of increasing difficulty in infection prevention and control,to implement the prevention and control thought of"process control is more important than result monitoring",and to clarify the role of building design in process control,this paper firstly analyzes the transmission process of healthcare-associated infections,and elaborates the way of action in spatial environment.Through literature extraction and expert interview,this paper selects the spatial environment risk factors relevant to the infections,conducts independent evaluation on the risks of the factors with expert questionnaire,and then builds a risk control model from the perspective of architecture,and finally provides the key control strategies for architecture design from the combination of four aspects,function allocation,space organization,physical environment,facilities and equipment.The key is to control microbial conditions,personnel transfer behavior,and contact behavior.