“一带一路”倡议下无纸贸易便利化国际法律规制动向及其对我国的启示

The Trend of International Regulations on Paperless Trade Facilitation under the Belt and Road Initiative and the References to China

信息技术的飞速发展使得以“单一窗口”为代表的无纸贸易便利化的重要性日益凸显。在多边层面上,世贸组织《贸易便利化协定》是关于无纸贸易便利化的唯一多边性条约规定。在区域层面上,中国已签署的《亚洲及太平洋跨境无纸贸易便利化框架协定》首次实现了从国际层面对跨境无纸贸易便利化进行全面专门规制,可谓是当前关于无纸贸易便利化的核心区域性条约。在其他双、区域层面上,关于无纸贸易便利化的规定还散见于中国所缔结的一系列自贸协定,并主要关注“无纸贸易环境+世界海关组织的相关发展”的模式。此外,联合国贸易便利化和电子商务中心相关指南文件为“单一窗口”的制度构建提出细节参考。我国应对标国际,将“中央—地方”双层推进模式升级为“国际—中央—地方(自贸区)”三层推进模式。

With the rapid development of information technology,the importance of“paperless trade facilitation”(PTF)represented by the"single window"has become increasingly prominent.At the multilateral level,the WTO Agreement on Trade Facilitation(TFA)is the only multilateral treaty provision on PTF.At the regional level,the Framework Agreement on Cross-border Paperless Trade Facilitation in Asia and the Pacific(FA-PT)signed by China has for the first time achieved a comprehensive and specialized regulation of cross-border PTF at the international level,thus considered to be the core regional treaty on PTF.The provisions on PTF are also scattered in a series of free trade agreements(FTAs)concluded by China,and mainly adopt the model of“paperless trade environment”plus“relevant development of the World Customs Organization”.In addition,the United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business(UN/CEFACT)provides detailed guidance for the establishment of a“single window”system.In view of that,China should upgrade the current two-tier model(“central-local”)to three-tier model(“international-central-local(FTA)”).