特殊传染疾病医疗信息适度公开制度研究——以艾滋病为例

Research on the System of Moderate Opening of Medical Information of Special Infectious Diseases——Take AIDS for Example

特殊传染疾病的医疗信息是否应当被公开一直是个存在争议的问题。艾滋病作为一种特殊传染疾病,在诊疗和接触艾滋病患者时,对特定关系人而言,其存在被感染的隐患。艾滋病患者的医疗信息是否可以被公开,在理论上缺乏统一的认识,实务中也没有统一的做法。艾滋病患者的医疗信息属于隐私性的个人信息。但从隐私权的角度研究,艾滋病患者的医疗信息并非隐私权保护的范畴,因此适度公开其医疗信息不存在违法性的风险,且不仅有利于保护其利害关系人的合法权益,有利于维护公序良俗和社会公共利益,而且符合法经济学对立法效率的追求。将艾滋病患者的医疗信息适度向其近亲属和特定利害关系人予以公开,具有足够的必要性、合理性和合法性。因此应以艾滋病患者是否滥用自身权利为基点,建立其医疗信息的适度公开制度。

Whether the medical information of special infectious diseases should be made public has always been a controversial issue.AIDS is a special infectious disease,and it is easy to have legal conflicts.Medical information of AIDS patients is private personal information.From the perspective of the right to privacy,the medical information of AIDS patients is not the scope of privacy protection,so there is no illegal risk in disclosing their medical information.So it can conducive to protecting the legitimate rights and interests of their stakeholders.It is also in line with the legislative efficiency in law and economics.So it is necessary and reasonable to make medical information of AIDS patients appropriately disclosed to others.It should be based on whether AIDS patients abuse their own rights,and establish a moderate disclosure system of their medical information.