民族志传播学的中国学术实践质思

The Consideration of Chinese Academic Practice in Ethnographic Communication

德尔·海默思开创的民族志传播学之于传播学的学术价值在于:让传播学研究超越媒介,回归场境;将叙事(民族志)引入研究,成为传播学新的研究方法。如此,传播学不仅有了“故事的研究”——叙事学,也有了“研究的故事”——民族志。民族志传播学传入中国,形成了自洽的学术进路。先有乡民生活中的媒介到场——媒介对乡民生活影响的研究,继有国家到场——国家假借媒介对乡民认同的研究,后有不同范式的到场——基于网络、文本、范畴的研究。斐然的成果之后,可以看出民族志传播学的中国实践似乎与田野调查渐行渐远,并失却了对研究对象的主体性关注。如此,民族志传播学的学理性值得思考。

The academic value of ethnographic communication initiated by Dell Hymes in communication lies in two aspects.On one hand,it allows the research of communication go beyond the media and return to the field,on the other hand,it introduces narration(ethnography)into the study of communication as a new research method.Thus,communication studies not only narratology,which means the study of stories,but also ethnography,which means the stories of study.After introduced into China,ethnographic communication forms a self-consistent academic approach.First of all,there was the presence of media in villagers lives-study of media influence on villagers lives;then,there was the presence of the state-study of villagers identity under the guise of state media;at last,there was the presence of different paradigms-study based on network,text and category.After the remarkable achievements,it can be seen that the practice of ethnographic communication in China seems to be gradually drifting away from the field and losing the focus on the subjectivity of the research object.Therefore,its practical study is worth considering.