中美两国间人才流动的特点及启示

The Characteristics and Enlightenment of Talent Flow between China and the United States

中美两国之间人才流动的规模、趋势、结构等是直接反映两国国家创新体系联系及互动的重要参考依据。本文从留学生、访问学者以及移民等视角,探讨中美创新人才流动的主要特点和发展趋势,认为留学、访学及移民群体为两国经济与科技发展做出了重要贡献。现阶段以及未来一段时间中美人才流动的“单向趋势”仍将继续,在中美贸易摩擦背景下,美国大规模限制中国赴美留学生的可能性较低,中国应当进一步提升国家创新体系的开放性。在此基础上提出几点具体建议。

The scale,trend and structure of talent flow between China and the United States are important reference for directly reflecting the contacts and interactions between the national innovation systems of the two countries.This paper discusses the main characteristics and development trends of the flow of innovative talents between China and the United States from the perspectives of international students,visiting scholars and immigrants.It is believed that studying abroad,visiting students and immigrant groups have made important contributions to the development of economy and technology of two countries.The“one-way trend”of the flow of talents between China and the United States will continue.China should further enhance the openness of the national innovation system.Based on the above analysis,several policy suggestions are put forward.