主体性的开拓:试论杜维明的《孟子》诠释

On Du Weiming’s Interpretations of Mencius

杜维明以道德自我的成长与转化诠释孟子的性善论,对孟子之心进行“双重诠释”,心既有本体论的维度,也是存在的过程。道德自我的成长过程包含修身的痛苦,儒学的性善论并非肤浅的乐观主义。这一过程也是涵摄家、国和天下的历程,那么,儒学的开放的主体性也非主观主义。自我转化和此涵摄的过程,相互支撑,为一体之两面,从而孟子“士的自觉”精神与群体性批判意识具有深厚的哲学基础、历史文化渊源。杜维明所论的孟子的道德主体具有动态性、开放性、宗教性和批判性。

Du Weiming interprets Mencius'theory of Human Nature as a moral ego,which reveals two-fold dimensions of Heart in Mencius,that is,ontology of Heart and existence of Heart course.Progress of moral ego contains kinds of hardships and sufferings.theory of Mencius Human Nature therefore is not superficial optimistic.Progress of moral ego is also a process of containing family,nation and universe,which shows Subject is an open unit and not subjective.Mencius'spirit of resistance is based on his theory of Human Nature and his theory is with communal critical self-consciousness.Mencius'theory of moral ego has three characteristics:dynamic.openness and critic.