矿区周边重金属污染土壤植物修复技术研究进展

Research Progress on Phytoremediation Technology of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil around Mining Area

矿产资源的开发利用引起的环境问题日益突出,矿区周边土壤的重金属污染已对生态环境、食品安全和人体健康构成了威胁。相比于传统的物理和化学修复技术,植物修复技术具有修复面积广、成本低廉、对土壤扰动小、操作方便管理简单、无二次污染等优点,因此受到广泛的关注。本文主要介绍了植物修复技术、超积累植物、富集系数、转运系数的概念及国内外关于超积累植物筛选的研究进展,重点总结了铅锌矿、煤矿、铁矿、铜矿、锰矿、金矿周边生长的典型修复植物,并论述了植物修复技术的作用机理,最后对矿区周边重金属污染土壤植物修复研究进行了总结,并对未来的发展方向提出了建议,以期为建立矿区人工植物修复系统,在矿区进行土壤重金属污染修复时选择合适的植物种类提供参考依据。

Environmental problems caused by the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources are becoming more and more serious,among which the heavy metal pollution in the soil around the mining area has become a threat to the ecological environment,food safety and human health.Compared with the traditional physical and chemical remediation technologies,phytoremediation has attracted extensive attention,because of its advantages,like wide remediation area,low cost,small soil disturbance,easy operation,simple management,without secondary pollution.This paper firstly introduces the concepts of phytoremediation,hyperaccumulator,bioconcentration factors(BCF)and translation coefficient(TC),and the screening progress of hyperaccumulator all over the world.And then the typical remediation plants around zinc and lead mine,coal mine,iron mine,copper mine,manganese mine and gold mine were summarized,together with their phytoremediation mechanism.Finally,the phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil around the mining area are summarized,and some suggestions are put forward for future development,with the aim to provide reference for the establishment of artificial phytoremediation system in mining areas and the selection of appropriate plant species for the remediation of heavy metal polluted soil in mining areas.