“劳动扶贫”新理念与中国特色扶贫道路探索--基于山西省L县的精准扶贫实践考察

A New Theory of "Poverty Alleviation through Labor" and an Exploration of Poverty Alleviation with Chinese Characteristics--A case study of Targeted Poverty Alleviation in L County,Shanxi Province

如何防止返贫并形成扶贫脱贫乃至振兴乡村的长效机制是本文理论和实践的出发点。首先,通过对农村经济基础的考察,认为农村经营主体已经进入高度资本化的状态,这一资本化的过程主要是通过农村新型合作社的三种模式展开的;其次,分析了各项扶贫政策在设计和实践中对扶贫对象的劳动的影响,发现一些政策在制定原则和实施过程中存在着对劳动参与的排斥,并从理论上探究了扶贫实践中"劳动-生产"交媾与分异的根源;再次,在农村新型合作社的实践基础上提出了"劳动扶贫"的新理念,以及扶贫政策的"设计""实施"和"考核"三原则,以此作为对中国特色扶贫道路的尝试性探索。

The starting point of this article is how to prevent the return to poverty and form a long-term mechanism for poverty alleviation and rural rejuvenation. First of all,through the examination of the economic foundation in rural regions,this paper finds that the main body of the economic operation in China’s countryside has entered a state of high capitalization owing to three models of new rural cooperatives. Secondly,after analyzing the influence of the design and practice of poverty alleviation policies on the labor of those receiving help,this paper finds that some policies exclude labor participation in their formulation and implementation,and further on explores the causes of the combination or separation of the " labor-production" relationship in poverty alleviation practice. Finally,on the basis of the practice of new rural cooperatives,this paper puts forward a theory of " poverty alleviation through labor",and the three principles of " design", " implementation" and " assessment" of poverty alleviation policies,as a tentative exploration of the poverty alleviation path with Chinese characteristics.