道教仙传的考验叙事

The Narration of Testing in Taoist Immortalization

考验的具体内容随着道教理论和实践的推进不断丰富:首先,在神仙信仰的初建阶段,考验的核心是信仰虔诚度,以长生与死亡的对决最为典型;其次,伴随着道教的世俗化进程,出世与入世的矛盾成为伦理考验的重要内容;再次,在宗教制度化的要求下,修道者必须严格遵守宗教禁忌。考验是道教仙传用以传达修仙伦理的必要情节,具有深厚的宗教意蕴。在内丹理论背景下,对人性弱点及修为的考验成为新的关注点。

As a necessary plot for Taoist immortal preaching to convey immortal ethics, " Testing" has profound religious implications,and the way of testing has been enriched with the advancement of Taoist theory and practice. Firstly,in the initial stage of the belief of immortalization,the core of the Testing is the degree of belief,which is mostly characterized as the confrontation between immortality and death. Secondly,with the secularization of Taoism,the most important ethical Testing is whether the tested could hold a religious life completely and leave the secular world behind. Finally,with the institutionalization of Taoism,the Testing is mainly about whether the tested could observe religion requirement strictly. After Neidan Theory is set up,the testing of human weakness and quality has become a new focus.