“心理之发见”——试论元代著名教育家吴澄的童蒙教育追求

“The Development of Mentality”:A Discussion on the Pursuit of Childhood Education of Wu Cheng,a Well-known Educator in Yuan Dynasty

吴澄是元代著名的教育家,在教育实践中,他提出了“心理之发见,犹原泉之初出”的观点,这对发展童蒙教育有着特别的意义。“心理之发见”促使儿童发现、存养、扩充人的本心,切合儿童的生理及心理特点,符合童蒙教育的规律,凸显人在教育中的主体地位。吴澄认为,童蒙教育如果不能激活儿童的心灵,将会给儿童的发展以及社会的发展带来严重的后果。要实施“心理之发见”的教育,关键是要在儿童的日常生活中培养“尊德性”的良好品质。吴澄的这些教育主张成为开启明代王守仁童蒙教育思想的重要过渡。

Wu Cheng is a well-known educator in the Yuan Dynasty.In the practice of education,he put forward the viewpoint that“the development of mentality is just like the water flowing from the source of a spring”,which is of special significance to the development of childhood education.“The development of mentality”prompts children to discover,maintain,and expand people’s innate mind,conforms to children’s physical and psychological characteristics and the law of childhood education,and highlights the people’s dominant position in education.Wu Cheng believes that if childhood education fails to activate the children’s innate mind,it will have serious consequences for the development of children and society.To implement the education of“the development of mentality”,the key is to cultivate the good quality of“treasuring innate virtues”in children’s daily life.These educational ideas of Wu Cheng became an important transition to gave birth to the childhood education thoughts of Wang Shouren in the Ming Dynasty.