杜威的“苏联之行”及对苏联教育的印象

Dewey’s Visit to the Soviet Union and His Impressions on Soviet Education

1928年7月2日至8月14日,杜威对苏联进行了为期43天的参观访问。他先后考察了苏联的儿童教养机构、国民教育第一实验站、莫斯科国立师范大学和莫斯科国立鲍曼技术大学,与苏联教育家卢那察尔斯基、克鲁普斯卡雅、沙茨基、卡拉什尼科夫等进行了座谈。杜威的“苏联之行”极大地改变了他对苏联的看法,并给他留下了深刻的印象。回国后,杜威发表了系列文章《苏维埃俄罗斯和革命的世界》,客观分析评述了苏联的社会文化与教育发展状况,并通过亲身的考察和思考进一步印证和丰富了自己的教育思想,为人类留下了宝贵的教育遗产。杜威教育思想在20世纪20年代苏联的广泛传播以及他对苏联教育改革的关注和评价,使得人们可以从另一个视角来审视苏联早期的教育改革。

From July 2nd to August 14th,1928,Dewey conducted a 43-day visit to the Soviet Union.He visited the children’s correctional institutions in the Soviet Union,The First Experimental Station for Public Education,Moscow State Pedagogical University and Bauman Moscow State Technical University,and held talks with Soviet educators Lunacharsky,Krupskaya,Shatsky,Kalashnikov and so on.Dewey’s visit to the Soviet Union greatly changed his views on the Soviet Union and left him a deep impression.After returning home,Dewey published a series of articles with the theme“Soviet Russia and the World of Revolution”,which detailed and objectively analyzed the status quo of the Soviet Union’s social culture and education development.Through personal inspection and reflection,his educational thoughts were further confirmed and enriched,which became the valuable educational legacy for mankind.In view of the wide spread of Dewey’s educational thoughts in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and Dewey’s concern and evaluation of the Soviet education reform,one can look at the early Soviet education reform from a different perspective.