基于生态足迹理论的休宁县可持续发展评价研究

Research on Sustainable Development Evaluation of Xiuning County Based on Ecological Footprint Theory

在绿色发展理念下,提升可持续发展能力已经成为中国政府的一项重要政策目标.本文基于生态足迹理论计算休宁县2006-2016年间的生态足迹和生态承载力,并结合生态协调系数、生态足迹多样性指数、生态经济系统发展能力指数和万元GDP生态足迹对休宁县可持续发展能力进行了系统分析.结果表明:休宁县总体上人均生态承载力大于生态足迹,呈现生态盈余,可持续发展能力较好,但区域内不同土地类型的生态足迹和生态承载力差异较大.其中,林地生态压力比较小,处于生态盈余状态;化石能源用地、建筑用地和水域尽管呈现生态盈余,但均有减小的趋势;耕地和草地生态压力较大,均呈现生态赤字.考虑到畜牧业的生态足迹主要由进口饲料的消费承担,且耕地的人均生态赤字有逐年上升的趋势,休宁县的耕地生态安全问题尤为突出.推进耕地数量、质量、生态"三位一体"保护,提高耕地产出效率、发展生态农业、延长产业链条是休宁县近期可持续发展能力建设的重中之重.

Under the concept of green development,building ecological development capacity has become a critical goal of the Chinese government policies.Based on the ecological footprint theory,this paper calculated the ecological footprint and ecological capacity of Xiuning County from 2006 to 2016,and systematically evaluated its sustainable development capacity by incorporating multiple indices such as the ecological coordination coefficient,the ecological footprint diversity index,the eco-economic system development capability index,and ecological footprint per ten thousand yuan GDP.Study results have shown that the overall per capita ecological capacity of Xiuning County is greater than per capita ecological footprint,leading to an ecological surplus and thus good sustainable development capability.However,the ecological footprint and ecological capacity of different land types in the region are quite different.Firstly,with relatively small ecological pressure,forest land is in ecological surplus.Secondly,fossil energy land,construction land,and water body are all in ecological surplus,but showing a decreasing trend.Thirdly,with high ecological pressure,both cultivated land and grassland are in ecological deficit.Since the ecological footprint of animal husbandry has been mainly borne by the consumption of imported feed and per capita ecological deficit of cultivated land has exhibited a consistent increasing trend,safeguarding the ecological security of cultivated land is a particularly prominent issue for Xiuning County.Promoting the"three-inone"protection of the quantity,quality and ecology of cultivated land,improving its output efficiency,developing ecological agriculture,and extending the industrial chain are the top priorities in the near future for Xiuning County to build up its sustainable development capacity.