白芨及其替代品化学成分预试及薄层色谱分析

Preliminary Chemical Test and Alkaloids Analysis by TLC of Rhizoma Bletillae and its alternatives

白芨为常用中药,市场上有不少替代品。为评价其代用价值,采用植物化学成分系统预试法、紫外分光光度法、DNS法、蒽酮比色法分别测定了白芨及其代用品的主要化学成分、总黄酮、还原糖和总糖含量。结果表明:白芨及其代用品所含成分相似,均含有氨基酸、糖类、甙类、鞣制、有机酸、生物碱、皂苷、黄酮类、酚类、内酯、香豆素及其苷类、强心苷、甾萜类等物质,其中以多糖和黄酮反应比较明显。筒瓣兰的黄酮含量最高为0.35%,其次为白芨0.20%,苞舌兰为0.10%;白芨的总糖含量最高为66.11%,依次为筒瓣兰58.41%和苞舌兰42.67%;还原糖的含量白芨2.91%,筒瓣兰为2.25%,苞舌兰2.34%。在365nm波长处苞舌兰与筒瓣兰有3个(Rf值为0.32,0.51,40.56)和2个荧光点(Rf值为0.51和0.57)与白芨一致,说明筒瓣兰、苞舌兰与中药白芨成分相似,具有一定的替代价值。

Rhizoma Bletillae is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, so in the market there are many alternatives: Using chemical preliminary systematic test, and using TLC to detected the chemical components;the content of total flavones was determinedly by uv spectrophtometry The content of total sugar and reducing sugar was determined by Anthrone colorimetry method and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid( DNS) method,respectively. The results showed: the chemical components of Bletilla striata and its alternatives is similar. They might contain Amino acids, sugars, glycosides, tanning, organic acids, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, lactone, coumarin, and glycosides, glycosides, sterpenoids and other substances.The reaction of polysaccharide and flavonoids was obvious: The content of flavonoids in Anthogonium gracile was 0.35%, followed by Bletilla striata and 0.20%, and Spathoglottis pubescens were0.10%;contents of total sugar in Bletilla striata was 66.11%, followed by Anthogonium gracile and58.41%, and Spathoglottis pubescens were 42.67%;contents of reducing sugar in Bletilla striata was2.91%, followed by Anthogonium gracile and 2.25%, and Spathoglottis pubescens were 2.34%. Spathoglottis pubescens and Spathoglottis pubescens respectively at 365 nm wavelength has 3 and 2 similar fluorescent points with Bletilla striata fluorescence. Conclusion: The chemical composition of three plants are similar, have a certain value instead.