国际视野下问题解决在数学课程发展中的争鸣与走势

Debates and Development of Problem solving in Mathematics Curriculum:An International Perspective

问题解决已经成为国际教育研究的热点问题之一。当前国际视野下,问题解决在各国数学课程标准中的地位并不相同,各国对于是否将问题解决作为课程主要目标或教学方法存在分歧;在问题解决的教学过程中,存在以知识为导向和以能力为导向的两种主流观点,以知识为导向的观点认为问题解决教学会使得数学学科知识“碎片化”,以能力为导向的观点支持问题解决能力的培养,但同时也提出其对于学生数学“概念理解”“基本能力培养”等方面的质疑;此外,数学课程评价体系在数学学科能力与问题解决能力、合作问题解决能力三者之间的联系也为问题解决课程的发展提供了借鉴。关于问题解决的讨论和争议始终存在,对问题解决课程的实践与探索,融入项目学习、STEAM等跨学科的整合逐渐成为数学课程中的主流。

Problem solving has gradually been a widely debated topic in the area of education.Problem solving takes different places in mathematics curricula among various countries,the main debate focuses on whether problem solving is a process goal or a final goal of education.Two main ideas appear in area of practical teaching and learning:one is contentdriven and another is problem-driven.Critics in terms of problem solving are surrounding the disadvantages of ‘concrete’mathematics knowledge and whether it develops students'conceptual understanding and/or basic skills,however,more advantages of problem solving have appeared in most educational studies.The international assessment of problem solving ability,collaborative problem solving and its relationship with other subject abilities also provides implications for further development of mathematics curriculum.