史官意志与焦竑的小说观念及意义--以《国史·经籍志》的小说著录为中心

The Relationship Between Official Historian Will and Jiao Hong’s Novel Philosophy and Significance:Analysis Based on the Writing of National History:Record of Classic Works

焦竑因强调"史之职"与"史之权",以史官意志与职责要求作为著书指导,希冀实现"阐明公道,昭示来兹"的目的。在这种思想作用下,《国史·经籍志》从史官学养与职责要求出发,对部类的源流、内涵及文教意义重新诠解,强调书目编纂对于引导"风尚""世道"以利于统治的重要性。这对焦竑的小说观及《国史·经籍志》的小说著录亦有十分深远的影响,致其以"史之职"为小说创作者应该具备的学养,以"史之权"为小说作品内容应该体现的内涵。因此,焦竑认为子部小说家类作品,应承担起考订征信与政教启示等功用。且以此作为子部小说家类作品全部且唯一的内涵,较少关注其间的文体形态、审美内涵、娱乐消遣等其他方面。这种认识有别于今人的见解,有助于深入探讨明人的小说观念。

Because of his emphasis on "the duty of history" and "the power of history" ,Jiao Hong took the will and duty requirements of the historian as the guidance of his book,hoping to achieve the goal of "clarifying justice" and "announcing that next year" . Under the influence of this ideology,National History:Record of Classic Works,starting from the historical officials’ education and duty requirements,reinterprets the origin,connotation as well as cultural and educational significance of the categories,and emphasizes the importance of bibliographic compilation for guiding "fashion" and "world" to facilitate governance. This also has a profound influence on Jiao Hong’s view of novels and the writing of National History:Record of Classic Works. As a result, he regards the "duty of history" as the education that the author of the novel should have,and the "right of history" as the content of the novel.Therefore,Jiao Hong believes that the novels by the novelists in the category of Zi Bu,should be responsible for the examination of credit and religious enlightenment. Taking it as the whole and only connotation of their novels,it pays less attention to the stylistic form,aesthetic connotation,entertainment and other aspects. This understanding is different from that of modern people,which is helpful to explore the concept of novels in the Ming dynasty.