基于三维激光扫描技术的桥梁检测应用研究

Application research of bridge detection based on 3D laser scanning technology

近年来,我国的桥梁建设进入"建养并重"的可持续发展道路。在实际工程中发现存在部分老旧桥梁存在资料缺失或资料不全的情况。因此,如何对缺少设计资料、图纸的桥梁结构进行监测并评估其当前结构状态是急需解决的问题。作为一项新兴测绘技术,三维激光扫描技术通过对待测结构进行完整空间扫描和建模可获得结构空间及表面位置信息。和传统测量技术相比,三维激光扫描技术具有实时性强、数据量大、数字性强以及交互性好等特点。本文首先介绍了三维激光扫描技术的工作原理,然后给出了基于三维激光扫描技术的桥梁结构建模和几何变形应用方法。最后以一实际桥梁为依托,通过建立三维模型,提取了该桥梁结构精确的几何尺寸信息,并给出了其几何轮廓线和几何变形。

In recent years, China’s bridge construction has entered the sustainable development road of "both construction and maintenance". In actual engineering, it is found that some of the old bridges had missing or incomplete data. Therefore, how to monitor the bridge structure lacking design information and drawings and evaluate its current structural state is an urgent problem. As an emerging mapping technology, 3 D laser scanning technology can obtain the information of structure space and surface position by using complete spatial scanning and modeling of the structure. Compared with the traditional measurement technology, 3 D laser scanning technology has the characteristics of strong real-time, large amount of data, strong digital and good interactivity. This paper firstly introduces the working principle of 3 D laser scanning technology, and then gives the application method of bridge structure modeling and geometric deformation. Finally, an actual bridge was applied in the conduct of field measurement to validate the proposed method. By building a three-dimensional model, the precise geometric size information of the bridge was extracted, and the geometric contour and the geometric deformation of the bridge were given.