国家治理视角下基层流域单元治理的历史逻辑与当代启示——基于湖北省江汉平原流域深度调查研究

Historical Logic and Contemporary Enlightenment of Grassroots Unit Management in the Perspective of National Governance ——Based on the Depth Investigation of the Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province

国家力量缺席和基层自主管理疲软导致基层流域治理困境。由于起点决定路径,需要向历史传统寻找流域公共治理之道。基于调查研究发现,与西方国家治水中行政单元与地理单元分离不同,传统中国治水是由一个单元体系构成,除了国家单元治水,还存在地方单元治水和基层单元治水,研判为默认一致、协商一致和整合一致三种层级流域单元治理。由此可见流域是国家治理的重要场域,流域治理是治国理政的重要方面,考验着国家治理体系和治理能力。当代基层流域治理体制是传统流域管理体制的升级,不断构建新的流域治理制度和体制:基层流域单元自主治理不可替代和不同层级单元流域治理需要不同权力配合,方可推进基层水利治理体系和治理能力现代化。

The absence of national power and weak grassroots autonomous management have led to the dilemma of grassroots river basin governance.Because the starting point determines the path,we need to find the way of public governance in the river basin from the historical tradition.Based on the investigation and research,it is found that,unlike the separation of administrative units and geographical units in Western countries,water control in traditional China is a units system of hierarchy.In addition to water governance of national unit,there are also local unit and grassroots unit.The three levels of watershed unit governance are consistent with integration.Thus it can be seen that river basin is an important field of national governance,and that river basin governance is an important aspect of state governance and tests the national governance system and governance capacity.The contemporary grassroots watershed governance system is an upgrade of the traditional system,and the new systems and mechanisms are constantly being constructed.Autonomous governance of grassroots watershed units is irreplaceable,and different levels of unity watershed governance require different powers to cooperate to advance the modernization of grassroots water management systems and governance capability.