基于新经济生产方式考量下的人口红利向人力资本红利的升级研究

Research on Upgrading of Demographic Dividend to Human Capital Dividend based on New Economic Mode of Production

新经济发展模式下,人力资本成为经济发展的关键因素。为了探索新经济产业生产方式下,人口红利的新内涵及其市场“瓶颈”问题,从劳动要素属性出发思考要素市场基本理论问题。研究发现,人力资本边际效率低于潜在效率,使得要素市场仅有劳动力定价,缺少人力资本定价机制,最终导致要素市场扭曲。此外,基于劳动要素属性、价值创造与消耗均衡及较低折旧率的延迟退休政策提高了劳动要素有效时间供给,缓解要素市场扭曲。科学认识“人力资本红利”,破解经济转型、突破“中等收入陷阱”的人力资本约束,更为延迟退休政策提供了基于要素属性的理论支撑。

Under the new economic development model,human capital has become the key factor of economic development.In order to explore the new connotation of demographic dividend"bottleneck"problem and its market under the new economic industry production mode,thinking the factor market basic theoretical issues starting from the labor factor attribute.The study found that the human capital marginal efficiency is lower than the potential efficiency,make the factor market only has labor force pricing,lack of human capital pricing mechanism,eventually led to the distortion factor market.In addition,the delayed retirement policy based on the attributes of labor factors,the balance of value creation and consumption and the low depreciation rate increased the effective time supply of labor factors and alleviated the distortion of factor market.Scientific understanding of"human capital dividend",breaking the human capital constraint of economic transformation and breaking the"middle income trap"can provide theoretical support based on factor attributes for the postponing retirement policy.