“冕无后旒”之说研究的献疑

Further research on "The Official Crown without Rear Tassels"

冕为大夫以上冠,冕板下垂"旒"是其主要特征,旒之数量是等级地位之标志,十二旒为最高等级。汉唐以郑玄为首的经学家认为冕前后皆垂旒,而清代学者主流观点认为冕无后旒。时至今日,"冕无后旒"之说依旧存在争议。文章从史学、人类学和艺术学等角度来论证"冕无后旒"的不合理性:冕字古体的象形特征显示前后皆有旒;二十四正史等历史文献中仅有一种文献指出冕无后旒;古人的写作习惯常将左右或前后对称的部件省略不说;由于政治压力,清代学者被迫支持"冕无后旒"这一主流学说;中国自古以来讲究对称原则艺术审美。由此,论证结果认为冕前后皆有旒更加合理。

The Chinese crown is a kind of ritual hat worn by ancient emperors and other nobles. The falling tassel of crowns’ upper board is the major characteristic of Chinese crown. The quantity of tassels decides the class and social status. Twelve strings of tassels are the highest rank. The Confucians(led by Zheng Xuan) of Han and Tang dynasty claimed that the crown has the tassels on the forth and rear board of the crown,while the scholars of Qing dynasty asserted that the ancient crown has no rear tassels. Till now,the topic of " The Official Crown without Rear Tassels" is stull disputed. In view of this,this article refutes the " The Official Crown without Rear Tassels" from the perspective of historiography,anthropology and art theory: the ancient pictographic character Mian reveals that there is rear tassel. Among the official historical references,only one reference records that there is no rear tassel.The ancient people had a special writing habit that they would like to omit the symmetrical parts. Because of the political pressure,the scholars in Qing dynasty chose to agree the mainstream theory. From time immemorial,Chinese people preferred symmetry artistic aesthetics. These all prove " The Official Crown with Rear Tassels".