价值链分工的网络拓展:区段解构及其技术效率增进

Decomposition of Firm Level Value Chain and Its Impact on Technological Efficiency

回顾我国企业参与跨国公司主导的全球价值链分工网络的过程,不难看出中国本土价值链分工网络拓展相对滞后、国际价值链分工循环有机联系偏弱对包括技术效率在内的经济发展的提升作用存在“瓶颈”约束等问题。从分工深化的角度出发,解构价值链分工网络“黑箱”是解决上述问题的一种新思路。基于世界银行中国微观企业调查数据,界定并测度企业价值链上、中、下游各区段分工联系,同时注意到其拓展的空间异质特征,实证考察其技术效率增进作用。结果显示:企业价值链上游和下游区段的分工联系拓展均有助于技术效率增进,中游竞争联系则存在不利作用;劳动密集型制造企业的技术效率增进主要受下游需求影响,而技术密集型制造企业和服务型企业,其多区段拓展下的影响特点更加明显;考虑到该分工网络拓展的空间异质性,进一步分析表明,相比所在辖区和城市空间尺度,企业拓展国家和国际尺度价值链分工联系的技术效率增进作用更重要。

Looking back on Chinese firms'participation in global value chain led by multinational corporations,it is not difficult to find that,due to relative lagging-behind of domestic value chain and weak connection with international value chain,their constraints on economy,especially technological efficiency becomes more apparent.Because of this,focusing on deconstruction of value chain in perspective of intra-product fragmentation becomes a way to the problem.Based on Chinese firm level questionnaire data which issued by Word Bank,and by properly defining and measuring typical upstream,midstream and downstream linkages of firm level value chain,this paper mainly discusses their different impacts on technological efficiency considering spatial heterogeneity.Findings show that expansion of both upstream and downstream linkage are beneficial to technical efficiency,while midstream linkage shows an adverse effect.Compared with an impact of downstream linkage on labor-intensive manufacturing firms,skill-intensive firms are more multi-linkage driven.Considering spatial heterogeneity of expansion for firm level value chain,further study shows that technological efficiency is more apparently national-linkage and international-linkage driven.