区块链去中心化自治组织的法律性质——由Token持有者切入

The Legal Nature of the Blockchain DAO in the Perspective of Token Holders

The DAO事件暴露出区块链去中心化自治组织主体性界定的重要意义,而切入点是Token持有者,这一切入点的选取符合技术特征并具有积极意义。“公司说”不符合DAO平台将所有人与管理人合二为一的技术特征;“准组织”说尚未解释“准”的法释义学含义及其适用效果;只有“合伙企业说”具有合理性。区块链去中心化自治组织具备主体性,可以形成独立于Token持有人个人意思的总意思,以Token持有人账户为基础,具备自有财产,以合约和共识机制为基础,具备组织性要件,这可以满足准则主义的程序要件。区块链去中心化自治组织符合联合经营和共负盈亏、共担风险的要件,是合伙企业。在目前阶段,合伙成员间责任的承担,可适用联营制度,由Token持有各方分别承担。

The DAO event reveals that it is of great significance to define the subject of blockchain decentralized autonomous organization(DAO),and the key lies in Token holders.The selection of Token holders as the key is significant and in line with the technological features of the DAO.Among the current arguments,identifying the corporate as the subject does not conform to the technological feature that participants on the DAO platform are also managers.What’s more,the argument of“quasi-organization”has not explained the legal implications of“quasi”and its effect of application.Only the argument of“partnership joint venture”is well grounded.The blockchain DAO has its own subjectivity which is a collective notion independent of individual Token holders,its own assets based on Token holders’accounts and its own organizational elements based on smart contracts and consensus mechanism,thus satisfying the procedural elements of criterion doctrine.To be more specific,since the blockchain DAO meets the requirements of joint operation and joint responsibilities for profits,losses and risks,it can be regarded as partnership business.At present,as to the responsibilities among partners,the joint venture system can be applied and all Token holders should take the responsibility respectively.