不同品种苜蓿中营养成分相互关系及生物产量

The Relationship Between Nutrients and Biological Yield of Different Varieties of Alfalfa

【目的】测定不同品种苜蓿营养成分含量与变异程度以及各纤维成分含量之间的相互关系;比较不同品种苜蓿的生物产量。【方法】选用WL343HQ、WL353HQ、WL354HQ、WL363HQ、WL366HQ、阿尔冈金、金皇后、中苜3号、中苜6号、鲁多、鲁黄1号、无棣苜蓿、鲁丰1号、保定苜蓿、中原804、敖汉苜蓿16个品种苜蓿,于2016年10月2日播种,每个品种设2次重复,小区随机排列,每个品种苜蓿种植面积为18 m2(3 m×6 m),行距30 cm,播种10行。2018年5月23日初花期时收割,测定其生物产量;制备32个样品,测定其干物质(DM)中的粗灰分(ASH)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和木质素(ADL)等营养成分的含量。【结果】(1)不同品种苜蓿DM中,ASH、NDF、ADF、半纤维素(HCEL)、纤维素(CEL)和ADL的含量差异极显著(P<0.01),EE的含量差异不显著(P=0.527)。WL363HQ苜蓿的ASH含量最高,为8.53%;金皇后苜蓿的CP含量最高,为27.19%;保定苜蓿的EE和CF含量最高,分别为3.01%、36.69%;中原804苜蓿的NDF、ADF、CEL和ADL含量最高,分别为57.02%、42.73%、34.43%和7.92%;不同品种苜蓿DM中的ASH、CP、EE、CF、NDF、ADF、ADL、CEL和HCEL含量的平均值分别为7.83%、21.58%、2.51%、33.25%、50.12%、36.76%、6.98%、29.43%和13.36%;变异系数(CV)在5.16%-12.06%之间。(2)苜蓿中ADF与NDF、CEL、ADL含量呈强相关,相关系数r分别为0.9756、0.9955、0.9455;CF与ADF、CEL、ADL之间的相关系数r分别为0.9114、0.8849、0.9375;CF(含AIA)与CF之间的相关系数r为0.9997;NDF与CEL、ADL、HCEL之间的相关系数r分别为0.9671、0.9396、0.8736;ADL(含AIA)与ADL之间的相关系数r为0.9989;RFA与ADF、CEL之间的相关系数r分别为0.9826、0.9700。(3)相对饲用价值(RFV)与NDF含量之间呈强相关(r=0.9938),可用于苜蓿RFV的估测:RFV=287.0677-3.4709NDF(%)n=16 P<0.01。(4)不同品种苜蓿生物产量不同,保定苜蓿粗脂肪、碳水化合物、半纤维素和纤维素产量最高,分别为393.59、9308.22、1976.32和4208.05 kg·hm^-2;金皇后苜蓿粗蛋白质产量最高,为2697.23 kg·hm^-2,保定苜蓿消化能(DE)产量最高,为126814.45 MJ·hm^-2。【结论】不同品种苜蓿纤维成分含量之间呈强相关,苜蓿RFV值与NDF成分呈强相关;不同品种苜蓿生物产量不同。

【Objective】To determine the content and the variation degree of nutritive and the relationship between the content of various fiber components in different alfalfa varieties.Compare the biological yields of different alfalfa varieties.【Method】Two experiments were conducted.In Experiment 1,selected 16 alfalfa varieties including WL343HQ,WL353HQ,WL354HQ,WL363HQ,WL366HQ,Algonuin,Golden empress,Zhongmu No.3,Zhongmu No.6,Luduo,Luhuang No.1,Wudi,Lufeng No.1,Baoding,Zhongyuan804,Aohan and planted on October 2,2016.Each variety was set up twice and randomly arranged plots.The planting area of each alfalfa variety was 18 m2(3 m×6 m),row spacing was 30 cm,and 10 rows were sown.Harvested at the beginning of flowering on May 23,2018 and determined the biological yield.In experiment 2,prepared 32 samples and determined the content of nutrients such as crude ash(ASH),crude protein(CP),crude fat(EE),crude fiber(CF),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF)and lignin(ADL)in the dry matter(DM).【Result】The results showed that:(1)In alfalfa DM of different varieties,the contents of ASH,NDF,ADF,HCEL,CEL and ADL were significantly different(P<0.01),but the difference of EE content was not significantly(P=0.527).The ASH content of WL363HQ alfalfa was the highest,which was 8.53%.The highest CP content of golden empress alfalfa was 27.19%.The content of EE and CF in baoding 804 alfalfa was the highest,which were 3.01%and 36.69%,respectively.The content of NDF,ADF,CEL and ADL in zhongyuan 804 alfalfa was the highest,which were 57.02%,42.73,34.43%and 7.92%respectively.The average values of ASH,CP,EE,CF,NDF,ADF,ADL,CEL and HCEL in alfalfa DM of different varieties were 7.83%,21.58%,2.51%,33.25%,50.12%,36.76%,6.98%,29.43%and 13.36%,respectively;The coefficient of variation(CV)is between 5.16%and 12.06%.(2)There was a strong correlation between ADF and CEL,ADL content in alfalfa,and the correlation coefficients were 0.9756,0.9955 and 0.9455.The correlation coefficients between CF and ADF,CEL,ADL content were 0.9114,0.8849 and 0.9375,respectively.The correlation coefficient between CF(including AIA)and CF was 0.9997.The correlation coefficients between NDF and CEL,ADL,HCEL content were 0.9671,0.9396 and 0.8736,respectively.The correlation coefficient between ADL(including AIA)and ADL was 0.9989.The correlation coefficients between RFA and ADF,CEL were 0.9826 and 0.9700.(3)There was a strong correlation between relative feeding value(RFV)and NDF content(r=0.9938),which can be used for the estimation of alfalfa RFV:RFV=287.0677-3.4709 NDF(%)n=16 P<0.01.(4)The yields of different alfalfa varieties were different.Baoding alfalfa has the highest yield of crude fat,carbohydrate,hemiculose and cellulose,which were respectively 393.59,9308.22,1976.32 and 4208.05 kg·hm^-2;The yield of golden empress's crude protein was the highest,which was 2697.23 kg·hm^-2,and the yield of Baoding's digestible energy(DE)was the highest,which was 126814.45 MJ·hm^-2.【Conclusion】There was a strong correlation between the content of different alfalfa fiber components,and the RFV value of alfalfa was strongly correlated with the NDF component;The yields of different alfalfa varieties are different.