数据驱动教育治理现代化:实践框架、现实挑战与实施路径

Modernization of Data-Driven Education Governance: Practice Framework, Realistic Challenges and Implementation Path

大数据时代,教育治理面临新的机遇和挑战,如何使大数据与教育治理有机结合,促进教育治理现代化,是一个全新而重要的时代命题。数据驱动的教育治理现代化是指以与教育治理有关的数据为核心,通过利用大数据技术、资源、政策等,构建政府、学校与社会的新型关系,实现教育治理数据与教育治理业务的全面深度融合,发挥多元教育治理主体的积极性,进而提升教育治理水平。就实践框架而言,数据驱动教育治理现代化需考虑三个层次(宏观国家教育治理、中观区域教育治理和微观学校教育治理)、四个环节(教育决策、教育执行、教育监督和教育评估)、三大目标(底线目标、重要目标、终极目标)和N类数据(人口、教育、经济、医疗卫生等)。就现实挑战而言,当前我国数据驱动教育治理现代化仍然面临相关制度不健全、治理主体数据素养低、专业人才匮乏、平台条件不完善、研究薄弱等问题。为此,我国应实施制度优化工程、数据素养提升工程、基础平台建设工程、研究引领工程、治理模式改革工程等五大工程来切实推进和实现数据驱动的教育治理现代化。

In the era of big data, education governance is facing new opportunities and challenges. How to combine big data with education governance organically and promote the modernization of education governance is a new and important proposition of the times. The modernization of data-driven education governance which is taking the data related to education governance as the core uses big data technology, resources, policies, and etc., to build a new relationship between the government, the school and the society, realize the comprehensive and deep integration of education governance data and education governance business, and give full play to the enthusiasm of multiple education governance subjects, and thus to improve the level of education governance. In terms of practice framework, the modernization of data-driven education governance needs to consider three levels(macro national education governance, meso regional education governance and micro school education governance), four links(educational decision-making, education implementation, education supervision and education evaluation), three goals(bottom goal, important goal, ultimate goal) and N categories of data(population, education, economy, health care, etc.). In terms of practical challenges, the current modernization of data-driven education governance in China is still faced with problems such as imperfect systems, low data literacy of the subjects, lack of professional talents,imperfect platform conditions and weak research. Therefore, China should implement five major projects, including system optimization project, data literacy improvement project, the basic platform construction project, leading research project and the reform project of governance model, to effectively promote and realize the modernization of data-driven education governance.