新型炭基膜材料前驱体聚合物的研究进展

Development of polymeric precursor for the fabrication of carbon molecular sieve membrane

炭膜是一种新型的高性能炭基多孔膜材料,因具有独特的纳米尺度级微孔道结构,展现出优异的气体渗透性和分离选择性.作为第四代气体分离膜材料,炭膜在气体分离领域具有巨大的发展潜力和广泛的应用前景.膜材料是膜技术的核心.对于炭膜,前躯体聚合物是制备高性能炭膜的核心与关键,其化学结构和构型对炭膜的气体渗透性和分离选择性起着决定性作用.本文评述了近几年来研究较多的炭膜前驱体聚合物.重点介绍了前驱体材料的化学结构、空间构型及自由体积对炭膜炭结构、孔结构及气体分离性能的影响,以及通过前驱体材料的修饰和共混改性来提高炭膜气体分离性能的方法,并对炭膜前驱体材料的发展趋势以及要求进行展望.

Carbon membrane is a new type of high performance carbon-based porous membrane material,which exhibits excellent gas permeability and selectivity due to its unique nanoscale ultramicropore structure.Carbon membrane,known as the fourth-generation gas separation membrane material,is considered to be the most promising alternative to the existing gas separation technologies.Membrane material is the core of membrane technology.For carbon membrane,the chemical structure and conformation of precursor polymer is critical to the gas transportation performance of carbon membrane.In this paper,the high-performance precursor polymers reported in recent years were reviewed.The effects of the chemical structure,spatial configuration and free volume of precursor materials on the microstructure and pore structure and gas separation performance of carbon membranes were introduced.In addition,the methods of modification and blending for precursors to improve the gas separation performance of carbon membranes were also introduced.Finally,the development prospect and requirements for precursor materials of carbon membrane were presented.