类熟人社会:工业型村庄社会结构新形态

Quasi-acquaintance Society:New Forms of Social Structure of Industrial Villages

工业化、城市化形塑了人口流动的方向,这使得我国东部乡村与中西部乡村的社会性质产生了巨大分化。在工业化与人口大量流入的背景下,东部地区村庄逐步成为土客杂居的工业型村庄,“类熟人社会”成为工业型村庄社会结构的新形态。学界既有概念“无主体熟人社会”揭示了作为人口流出地的中西部农业型村庄社会结构的新形态,而“类熟人社会”与其相对应,形成对转型期中国乡村社会性质的互补性解释。在东部地区工业型村庄中,通过原生型社会关系与建构型社会关系,人们的“熟悉”感开始建立,但最终却形成了“熟而不亲”的类团体格局。类熟人社会的形成,有赖于人们在流动社会里,通过“区隔化”和“聚类化”的策略,在保障生存安全的前提下,实现生计的维持。过日子的区域差异,也使得各群体之间很难在短时间内实现融合。

Industrialization and urbanization have shaped the direction of population movements,resulting in a huge difference in the nature of rural society in Eastern and Western China.Under the background of industrialization and population mobility,villages in the eastern region have gradually become industrial villages with mixed residents,and“Quasi-acquaintance Society”has become a new form of social structure.The existing the academic concept“Baseless Society of Acquaintance”reveals a new form of social structure of agricultural villages in the Midwest,as the outflow of population,and the“Quasi-acquaintance Society”corresponds to it,forming a complementary interpretation of the social nature of Chinese villages in transition.In the industrial villages in the eastern region,people s sense of“familiarity”began to build up through primitive and constructive social relationships,but eventually formed a group-like structure and a“familiar but not close”relationship atmosphere.Quasi-acquaintance Society,which has been formed through the“segmentation”and“clustering”strategies in a mobile society,enables people to make their living on the premise of safety and survival.It will be difficult to achieve group integration within a short time due to the regional differences.