成熟期降水对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄果实品质的影响

Rainfall Effect of Rainfall on the Quality of Wine Grape during the Ripening Stage at the East foot of Helan Mountain

以种植面积较广的酿酒葡萄品种“赤霞珠”为研究对象,利用电控移动式人工模拟降水系统进行人工降水,研究成熟期降水对酿酒葡萄果实品质的影响。试验于2017年9月5?7日(连续3d的阴雨天气)在宁夏回族自治区永宁县某酒庄葡萄园内进行,此时酿酒葡萄处于成熟中期。以当地9月1日至采收期的自然降水量(10.3mm)为对照(CK),4个增雨处理的总降水量为自然降水与人工模拟降水之和,分别为P1(20.3mm)、P2(40.3mm)、P3(50.3mm)、P4(60.3mm)。并于9月28日进行葡萄成熟期采样,观测对比不同处理葡萄浆果中包括可溶性固形物、还原糖、可滴定酸、总酚、单宁和花色素6种品质指标的变化情况。结果表明:在所设置的降水范围内,随着降水量的增加,葡萄可溶性固形物、还原糖、糖酸比和总酚含量呈先增加后降低的变化趋势;可滴定酸和花色素含量呈现先降低后增加的趋势;单宁含量呈波动变化趋势,但各降水处理的单宁含量均高于对照(CK)。总的来说,10.3mm以下和40.3mm以上降水均会对酿酒葡萄品质产生不利影响。

In order to study the effect of rainfall at the ripening stage on the quality of wine grape,taking Cabernet Sauvignon as the main variety,the artificial rainfall experiments on grapes were conducted at the beginning of September in the region of the Helan Mountain East,located in Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region(38°16′N,105°58′E).The soil type is light sierozem,and the grape plant is 5-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon of the winery.The natural rainfall from September 1 to harvest(10.3mm)were taken as the control(CK),and four different rainfall treatments were designed:P1(20.3 mm),P2(40.3 mm),P3(50.3 mm)and P4(60.3 mm),which including the total of natural and artificial rainfall.At the end of September,the grape fruits from four treatments and CK were sampled,separately,and the six substances of fruit juice including soluble solids,reducing sugar,titratable acid,total phenol,tannin and anthocyanin were tested.The results showed that the content of soluble solids,reducing sugar,sugar acid ratio and total phenol had the same trend,climbing firstly and then fell down with the increase of rainfall,while the content of titratable acid and anthocyanin presented the opposite trend.The contents of tannin were fluctuation with the increasing of rainfall,the values were all higher in four treatment than the control.In general,the rainfall which was less than10.3mm or exceeded than 40.3mm would have a negative impact on the quality of wine grape.When the rainfall is 30mm(the total rainfall is 40.3mm),the quality of grape berry is the best.