建筑室内人员开窗行为的驱动因素及模型算法综述

Driving Factors and Stochastic Models for Occupants'Window Opening Behavior:A Review

建筑室内人员的开窗行为不仅会对室内空气品质产生影响,还会在一定程度上影响建筑能源消耗,因此人员开窗行为的测量及建模具有一定的意义。对人员开窗行为的研究进行了综述,对开窗行为目前的测量及建模方法进行了总结分析,并提出了改进建议。将综述研究分为四个部分,包括数据采样方法、开窗行为驱动因素的筛选、模型建立及其检验,对每一部分常用的方法优缺点进行了对比分析。同时,针对现有研究中存在的问题,如数据采集范围和采集量较小、没有充分考虑人员随机行为对窗口开度大小变化的影响等问题提出了一些新的解决思路,比如在数据采集中结合图像智能识别及热成像技术来增大样本采集量和采集速度,建立表征窗口开度变化的偏态模型,并结合蒙特卡洛模拟和质平衡方程来分析室内外环境的演化关系等。

Occupant window opening behavior would affect the indoor air quality and the building energy consumption to a certain extent.Therefore,the study on the window opening behavior is important.In this paper,the experimental and modeling methods for window opening behavior is briefly analyzed,and some suggestions are proposed.The review has four parts:data sampling methods,factor analysis methods,statistical modeling methods of behavior,and model test methods.We compared and analyzed the different methods for each part.For the problem in previous research,such as insufficient sampling data and inattention of behavior stochastic characteristic,proposes some new methods.For example,combination of the image recognition and thermal imaging can be used to increase the sampling quantity and speed,and Skewed model can be built to represent the size of the window opening can be used to study the evolution relationship of indoor and outdoor pollutant concentrations associating with Monte Carlo simulation.