有限责任公司为股权转让提供担保的规制——基于公司债权人利益保护的视角

Regulation of Equity Transfer Guarantee by Limited Liability Company--From the Perspective of the Protection of Corporate Creditors'Interests

公司法规定了与公司相关的关系人之权利义务关系的私法规则。我国当前的有限责任公司为股权转让提供担保规则对公司债权人利益考虑不足,司法裁判过度偏向公司外部动的交易安全,忽视公司静的财产安全与公司债权人利益。比较法上,对有限责任公司为股权转让提供担保有事前规制和事后规制两种不同的策略。两种策略均融入对公司债权人利益保护的考虑,对我国未来完善有限责任公司为股权转让提供担保的规制,保护公司债权人利益提供了不同的启示。鉴于尊重公司自治、降低有限责任公司运行成本与保护公司债权人利益的多样性需求,通过在《中华人民共和国民法典(草案)》合同编中完善债权人撤销权的事后规制方法是更为现实的方案,特别是设计合理的举证责任配置,以缓解公司债权人行权困难。

The company law stipulates the private law rules concerning the rights and obligations of the parties who are related to the company.The current rules of guarantee for equity transfer in limited liability company in China do not consider enough for creditors'interests,and judicial decision excessively favors the external transaction security of the company,ignoring the static property security of the company and creditors'interests.In the comparative law,there are two different regulation strategies for the limited company to guarantee the equity transfer:ex-ante regulation and ex-post regulation.Both of which are integrated into the consideration of the protection of creditors'interests and provide different enlightenment for China's future improvement of the regulation of equity transfer guarantee in limited liability company and the protection of creditors'interests.Given the diverse needs of respecting corporate autonomy,reducing operating costs of limited liability company and protecting creditors'interests,it is more realistic to improve ex-post regulation method of creditor's cancellation right in the Draft Civil Code of the People's Republic of China,in particular,reasonable allocation of burden of proof should be designed to alleviate the difficulty of exercising rights for creditors of company.