政治哲学语境中的意识形态问题嬗变——基于对柏拉图、卢梭和马克思的考察

Ideological Changesinthe Contextof Political Philosophy——Based on the Investigation of Plato, Rousseau and Marx

虽然柏拉图对政治的理性根据的揭示预示着政治哲学的真正诞生,但无可否认政治行动和政治秩序都必须建筑在社会意见的基础上。基督教思想家和卢梭正因为意识到了这一点,才特别强调意识形态教化对于整合政治共同体的重要性。但真正说来,只有马克思对意识形态与现实的关系做出了科学的解释,进而立足于对资本主义社会运行机制和整体结构的深刻认识,破除了资产阶级意识形态的幻想,最终为无产阶级构建一种积极的、自觉参与社会历史变革的新型意识形态提供了科学的根据与方法论原则。

Although Plato’s revelation of the rational basis of politics indicated the real birth of political philosophy,it is undeniable that both political action and political order must be built on social opinions.Because of this,Christian thinkers and Rousseau especially emphasized significance of ideological indoctrination for the integration of political communities.In fact,only Marx made scientific explanation on the relationship between the ideology and the reality,and then eliminated the illusion of bourgeois ideology with deep understanding of the operating mechanism of capitalist society and the overall structure,and eventually provided the principles and methodology of science for the proletariat to build a new ideology that is positive and participative in the social and historical changes.