全球价值链嵌入位置与技术进步能源偏向性

Embedded Location of Global Value Chain and the Energy Bias of Technology Progress

技术进步方向不仅取决于一国要素禀赋结构与生产环境等因素,开放经济条件下参与全球价值链分工也会对技术进步偏向性产生重要影响。本文测算了中国技术进步能源偏向性,并分析了全球价值链参与度及嵌入位置的演变特征,从市场规模效应与技术溢出效应角度探究中国嵌入全球价值链条件下能源偏向型技术进步的形成机制,并进行了实证检验。研究结果表明:中国技术进步方向整体偏向于资本要素,但其向能源使用方向发展的趋势越来越明显;全球价值链嵌入位置提升对技术进步方向作用具有双向性,其引起的市场规模效应促进技术进步偏向多使用能源,而技术溢出效应使生产中更多使用资本,整体而言中国在全球价值链中嵌入位置提升有利于技术进步朝节能方向转变。为此,中国在新一轮全球产业分工中应充分利用有利形势,提升在全球价值链中位置,形成技术升级与价值链攀升的良性循环。

The direction of technological progress is not only determined by factors such as a country’s factor endowment structure and production environment, but also influenced by participating in the division of global value chains(GVCS) in an open economy. This article calculates the energy bias of China’s technological progress and analyzes the evolution characteristics of global value chain participation and embedding position.It also explores the formation mechanism of energy-biased technological progress under the conditions of China’s embedding in global value chain from the perspective of market scale effect and technology spillover effect. What’s more, it takes an empirical test. The results show that the overall direction of China’s technological progress is towards capital elements, while the trend towards energy use is more and more obvious. Global value chain embedding position promotion effect on technological progress direction is two-way, and its market scale effect promotes technological progress towards more energy use. However, the technology spillover effect lead to more use of capital in the production. On the whole, China’s embedding the position ascension in global value chain is advantageous to the technological progress turning to the energy conservation. Therefore,in the new round of global industrial division, China should make full use of the favorable situation, promote its position in the global value chain, and form a virtuous cycle of technology upgrading and value chain climbing.