对外开放与工业企业科技创新效率

Opening-up and Technological Innovation Efficiency of Industrial Enterprises

在贸易战背景下,对外开放政策调整及企业科技创新备受关注,透析过往对外开放对于企业创新的影响,是未来提升产业国际竞争力与经济安全的前提。第一阶段基于DEA法的测算表明,工业企业创新效率以2013年为界呈现先升后降的变化趋势,且存在较大的效率损失,30省市之间效率差别显著,对外开放程度较高省市的效率值也相对高。第二阶段基于TOBIT模型的进一步检验表明,在对外开放的四项指标中,出口对工业企业科技创新效率产生了显著的提升作用,但对外直接投资及进口都产生一定程度的阻碍作用,外商直接投资的影响并不显著。基于此,建议规范工业企业研发资源投入的使用,注重科技创新的产业链竞争与协同,强化海外投资中的科技创新范式学习,扎实推进先进制造业发展与"出口替代"战略,推进对外开放从"大进大出"转向"优进优出"的结构性转型升级,化解现有开放格局造成的产业链低端锁定及挤出效应,放大对外开放对企业创新产生的溢出效应、学习效应、竞争效应及协同效应。

In the context of the trade war, the adjustment of opening-up policy and the technological innovation of enterprises have attracted much attention. The first stage based on the calculation of DEA method shows that the innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises shows a trend of rising first and then falling in 2013, and there is a great loss of efficiency. The efficiency difference between 30 provinces and cities is significant, and the efficiency of the provinces with higher opening to the outside world is also relatively high. The further test of the second stage based on TOBIT model shows that in the four indicators of opening-up, exports have significantly promoted the efficiency of technological innovation of industrial enterprises, but both foreign direct investment and import have a certain degree of hindrance, and the influence of foreign direct investment is not significant. Based on this, it is suggested to standardize the use of R & D investment, pay more attention to the competition and coordination of the industrial chain, strengthen the learning of technological innovation in overseas investment, push forward the development of advanced manufacturing industry and the "export substitution" strategy, and promote the opening-up from scale expansion to structural optimization.