不同分娩方式对晚期早产儿呼吸系统疾病发生及预后的影响

Effects of different delivery modes on occurrence and prognosis of respiratory diseases in late preterm infants

目的对比不同分娩方式对晚期早产儿呼吸系统疾病发生率及预后的影响。方法该研究以2017年1月至2018年12月于该院妇产科分娩的397例晚期早产儿作为观察样本,根据分娩方式的不同将其分为自然分娩组(93例)与选择性剖宫产(ECS)组(217例)与急诊剖宫产组(87例),对比各组晚期早产儿呼吸系统疾病发生率以及预后情况。结果 ECS组新生儿呼吸系统疾病发病率为41.01%(89/217),急诊剖宫产组发病率为40.23%(35/87),自然分娩组发病率为18.28%(17/93),自然分娩组明显低于其他两组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。自然分娩组中共出现缺血缺氧性脑病5例,肺炎3例,畸形1例,死亡1例,预后明显优于其他两组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ECS与急诊剖宫产晚期早产儿的呼吸系统疾病发病率明显高于自然分娩早产儿,且预后不良,应尽量控制剖宫产率。

【Objective】 To compare the effects of different delivery modes on the incidence and prognosis of respiratory diseases in late preterm infants.【Methods】In this study, 397 late preterm infants delivered in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were divided into natural delivery group(93 cases) and elective cesarean section(ESC) group(217 cases) and emergency cesarean section group(87 cases) according to different delivery modes. The incidence of respiratory diseases and prognosis of late preterm infants in each group were compared. 【Results】 The incidence of neonatal respiratory diseases was 41.01%(89/217) in ECS group, 40.22%(35/87) in emergency cesarean section group and 18.28%(17/93) in natural delivery group.The incidence of natural delivery group was significantly lower than that of the other two groups(P<0.05). There were 5 cases of ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy, 3 cases of pneumonia, 1 case of deformity and 1 case of death in the natural delivery group. The prognosis was significantly better than that of the other two groups(P<0.05).【Conclusion】The incidence of respiratory diseases in late preterm infants with ECS and emergency cesarean section was significantly higher than that of natural delivery, and the prognosis was poor. The cesarean section rate should be controlled as far as possible.