特朗普政府生物防御战略评析

An Analysis of the National Biodefense Strategy of the Trump Administration

2018年美国政府发布的《国家生物防御战略》,标志着特朗普政府生物安全政策的正式出台。该战略性文件是特朗普政府的《国家安全战略》在生物安全领域的具体化,也是美国历届政府有关生物安全议题最系统、最全面的阐述。与前任政府相比,特朗普政府的生物安全政策呈现出部门协调集权化和生物威胁应对一体化的特点。特朗普政府的生物安全政策充分体现了其"美国优先"和"单边主义"的执政理念。美国生物防御战略在牵头机制安排上的"去安全化",并没有改变美国通过实施生物安全战略来追求国家安全利益的本质。特朗普政府通过加大生物科技领域的投入,以实现生物科技创新和生物防御系统相互赋能,在促进卫生安全的同时,维护美国在生物科技创新领域的霸权地位。

The Trump Administration released the National Biodefense Strategy in September 2018,which marks the official launching of the Administration’s biosecurity policy.The strategic document is the embodiment of the Trump Administration’s national security strategy in the field of biosecurity.It is the most systematic and comprehensive elaboration on biosecurity issues by successive U.S.administrations.Compared with the Obama Administration,the Trump Administration’s biosecurity policy features centralized departmental coordination and integrated biological-threat responses.The Trump Administration’s biosecurity policy completely reflects its"America First"and"unilateralism"doctrine.The"de-securitization"in the arrangement of the implementing mechanism of the U.S.biological defense strategy does not change the U.S.objective for national security interests by implementing the biological security strategy.With its increasing investment in the field of biotechnology,the Trump Administration aims to achieve mutual empowerment in biotechnological innovation and biological defense systems,to promote health security,and to maintain the U.S.hegemony in the field of biotechnology innovation.