摘要
扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum)是引起水果采后腐烂变质的重要致病菌,有效控制扩展青霉的生长对减少水果采后损失具有重要意义,"老药新用"为抗菌药物的开发提供了快速有效的途径。本研究采用孢子萌发法,以扩展青霉为靶标菌株,研究了26种以干扰生物体细胞膜功能和能量代谢为主要作用方式的临床药物对扩展青霉的抑制作用。结果表明:硝酸咪康唑、克霉唑、联苯苄唑、酮康唑、5-氟胞嘧啶、纳他霉素、依布硒对扩展青霉具有显著的抑制效果,其半最大效应浓度(median effective concentration,EC50)均低于2μg/mL;其中,成本低廉的联苯苄唑EC50为0.04μg/mL。进一步研究发现,联苯苄唑能够显著抑制扩展青霉菌丝体的生长,且分别在温度25、50、75℃,含K+、Mg2+、Na+、Ca2+和中性、弱碱性条件下联苯苄唑的抑菌稳定性没有显著影响,但紫外照射会降低联苯苄唑对扩展青霉的抑制效果。体外接种实验结果表明,联苯苄唑处理可以显著减小‘皇冠梨’果实采后病斑直径(P<0.05),有效控制‘皇冠梨’果实采后青霉病的发生。因此,从临床药物中筛选适合水果采后防腐保鲜的抗菌剂具有可行性,联苯苄唑在皇冠梨采后病害控制中具有潜在的应用价值。
Penicillium expansum is an important pathogen causing decay and deterioration of postharvest fruits.Effective control of P.expansum is important for reducing postharvest fruit losses. "Repurposing drugs" may provide a fast and effective way of finding antifungal agents.In this study,spore germination method was used to determine antifungal activity and 26 clinical drugs targeted to cell membrane functions and energy metabolism were evaluated for their inhibition on P.expansum.The results showed that miconazole,clotrimazole,bifonazole,ketoconazole,5-fluorocytosine,natamycin,and ebselen had significant inhibitory effects on P.expansum,with median effective concentration(EC50) below 2 μg/mL,and the EC50 of inexpensive bifonazole was 0.04 μg/mL.Further it was found that bifonazole could significantly inhibit the growth of P.expansum mycelium.The antifungal activity of bifonazole was not significantly affected by temperature(25,50 and75℃),neutral and weakly alkaline environment,or metal ions such as K+Mg2+Na+and Ca2+,but significantly reduced by UV irradiation.The effect of bifonazole on blue mold inoculated onto pear fruit was also investigated,and the results showed that bifonazole treatment significantly reduced the lesion diameter(P <0.05) and effectively inhibited postharvest blue mold of pear fruit.Thus,it is feasible to develop antifungal agents from clinical drugs for postharvest preservation of fresh fruits,and bifonazole has potential application in postharvest disease control of pear fruit.
作者
张时馨
彭丽桃
范明
杨书珍
闫等
ZHANG Shixin;PENG Litao;FAN Ming;YANG Shuzhen;YAN Deng(College of Food Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)
出处
《食品科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期180-185,共6页
Food Science
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31871850)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(510319071)。
关键词
扩展青霉
抗菌剂
筛选
“老药新用”
联苯苄唑
Penicillium expansum
antifungal agents
screening
"repurposing drugs"
bifonazole