三元混合溶剂对高氮含量单基发射药性能的影响

Effect of Ternary Mixed Solvents on the Single-based Propellants with High Nitrogen Content

为了提高高氮含量单基发射药硝化棉/二硝基甲苯/二苯胺(NC/DNT/DPA)的力学性能,在醇酮溶剂中外加3%的辅助溶剂(二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、环己酮、环己烷、三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯)形成三元混合溶剂,对高氮量硝化棉进行塑化成型,获得相应的单基发射药。通过扫描电镜观察单基发射药样品的微观结构,采用万能材料试验机、简支梁式抗冲击试验机测试了单基发射药的力学性能,通过密闭爆发器实验研究了辅助溶剂对单基发射药能量及燃烧性能的影响。结果表明:当有辅助溶剂加入时,高氮量单基药的力学性能提高,其中添加3%乙酸丁酯的试样在低温(-40℃)、常温(20℃)和高温(50℃)下试样的抗压强度分别提高了15.7%、4.3%和17.7%,抗冲击强度分别提高了29.9%、96.9%和170.0%;辅助溶剂的加入,对单基发射药的燃烧影响较小;与基础单基发射药相比,三元混合溶剂制备的单基发射药火药力均有小幅下降。

To improve the mechanical property of single-based propellant with high nitrogen content,nitrocellulose/2,4-dinitrotoluen/diphenylamine(NC/DNT/DPA),3%dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO),N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF),cyclohexanone,cyclohexane,chloromethane,ethyl acetateandbutyl acetate were added to alcohol ketone respectively to form ternary mixed solvent,plasticizing high-nitrogen nitrocellulose and obtaining the corresponding single-based propellant.The microstructure of single-based propellant samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy,and the mechanical properties were tested by universal material testing machine and beam impact testing machine.In addition,the energy of single-based propellant samples were studied by closed bomb test.Results show that when the auxiliary solvents are added,the mechanical properties of the high-nitrogen single-based propellant samples are improved.The compressive strength of the sample with 3%butyl acetate at low temperature(-40℃),normal temperature(20℃)and high temperature(50℃)increases by 15.7%,4.3%and 17.7%,and the impact strength increases by 26.9%,96.9%and 170.0%,respectively.The addition of the auxiliary solvent has little effect on the combustion of single-based propellant.And compared with the basic single-based propellant,the gunpowder force of the single-based propellant samples prepared by the ternary mixed solvent has a small decrease.