不同种植方式对设施番茄根系及土壤中氮磷分布的影响

Effects of Different Planting Methods on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Distribution in Root and Soil of Protected Tomato

采用温室小区试验,分别设置1.0 m平作、0.5 m垄作、1.0 m垄作和1.5 m垄作4种种植方式,研究了不同种植方式对番茄"朗庭"根系生长、产量、养分吸收量以及氮磷养分含量空间分布的影响,以期为探究冬春茬设施番茄适宜的种植方式,解决设施土壤氮磷淋失导致环境污染等问题。结果表明:与常规1.0 m垄作相比,1.5 m垄作种植方式下番茄产量增加10.46%,氮吸收增加7.78%,磷吸收增加20.35%;同时促进根系生长发育,提高番茄整根特征各项参数,根长增加了94.53%,0<L≤1.0 mm根长增加了101.69%,根表面积增加了80.13%,根体积增加了12.58%,根干质量增加了30.14%;根系主要分布在水平0~10 cm,垂直10~20 cm范围的土层内;1.5 m垄作提高收获期0~15 cm土层土壤硝态氮与有效磷含量,利于养分的保持,减少向下层淋溶风险。

Considering the problems of environment pollution by nitrogen and phosphorus leaching,in order to explore the suitable planting methods of greenhouse tomatoes in winter-spring,effects of different planting methods on root growth,yield,nutrient uptake and spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients of tomato ’Langting’ were studied under four planting methods of 1.0 m flat-cultivation,0.5 m ridge-cultivation,1.0 m ridge-cultivation and 1.5 m ridge-cultivation by greenhouse field experiment.The results showed that compared with conventional 1.0 m ridge-cultivation,tomato yield,nitrogen absorption and phosphorus absorption was raised by 10.46%,7.78% and 20.35%,respectively,under 1.5 m ridge-cultivation.At the same time,root length,root length of 0<L≤1.0 mm root surface area,root volume,and root dry weight were increased by 94.53%,101.69%,80.13%,12.58%,and 30.14%,respectively,under 1.5 m ridge-cultivation.The roots were mainly distributed in the soil within the range of 0-10 cm horizontally and 10-20 cm vertically.The 1.5 m ridge-cultivation increased the contents of nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil from 0 to 15 cm in the harvesting period,which was conducive to nutrient retention and could reduce the risk of leaching to the lower layer.