贵州中部不同樱桃资源光合生理特性

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Different Chinese Cherry in Central Guizhou

以3个3年生贵州地方中国樱桃资源为试材,采用测定叶片叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光和光响应参数的方法,研究不同中国樱桃(Cerasus pseudocerasus L.)资源在贵州中部寡照环境的光合生理特性,以期为中国樱桃栽培管理提供参考依据。结果表明:3个中国樱桃叶片的SPAD值和叶片中叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)和叶绿素a+b(Chl a+b)的相对含量均极显著正相关,用植物营养诊断仪(TYS-3N)测定叶片SPAD值可作为一种简捷、准确的樱桃叶绿素含量田间检测方法。金沙县西洛乡(JSXL)的叶绿素含量最高,但其净光合速率(Pn)却比织金县八步镇(ZJBB)和水城县红岩乡(SCHY)的小,二者之间没有发现显著相关性。JSXL的叶片过剩光能的量((1-qP)/NPQ)高而非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)低,其叶片中的过剩光能增加,光合电子传递效率降低,叶片中的光合热耗散却最小,这可能是JSXL的Pn较低的因素之一。综上,3个樱桃资源均适应了贵州中部的寡照环境,栽培中采用开心形树形,利于接收更多的光合有效辐射,进一步提高光合效率。

The photosynthetic physiological characteristics of different Chinese cherry(Cerasus pseudocerasus L.) resources in the weak solar radiation environment of central Guizhou were studied,using three Chinese cherry resources(3-year-old plants) from Guizhou Province as test materials,by measuring leaf chlorophyll content,chlorophyll fluorescence and light response parameters,in hope to provide theoretical basis for the management and cultivation of Chinese cherry.The results showed that in the three Chinese cherry leaves the SPAD values had extremely significant positive correlation with the relative content of chlorophyll a(Chl a),chlorophyll b(Chl b) and chlorophyll(a+b)(Chl a+b).Which indicated that,with the SPAD value of leaves fast determined,the nutritional diagnostic instrument(TYS-3 N) could be used as a simple and accurate field detection method for cherry chlorophyll content.Leaves from Xiluo Township in Jinsha County(JSXL) had the highest chlorophyll content,but its net photosynthetic rate(Pn) was smaller than that of Zhijin County Babu Town(ZJBB) as well as Shuicheng County Hongyan Township(SCHY),no significant correlation was found between chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate.High excess light energy(1-qP)/NPQ of JSXL leaves,low non-photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ),the leave′s excess light energy increases,photosynthetic electron transfer efficiency decreases,resulted a minimal photosynthetic heat dissipation,which could be one of the factors for the lower Pn value of JSXL.In summary,the three cherry resources had been adapted to the weak solar radiation environment in central Guizhou.The open vase tree form used in cultivation help receiving more effective photosynthetic radiation and improve photosynthetic efficiency.