印度地区安全知觉中的中国意象——基于2002~2003年度至2018~2019年度印度国防报告的分析

India's Regional Security Concerns and Posture towards China:A Study based on Indian National Defense Reports from 2002-2003 to 2018-2019

印度是中国在亚洲最大的邻国,在中国周边安全战略中具有举足轻重的地位,如何处理好与印度的关系一直是中国外交战略中的重要课题.洞朗对峙之后,中印两国高层保持了频繁紧密的交往,两国关系得到极大改善.客观来看,鉴于中国在印度地区安全知觉意象中的复杂性,中印关系的发展仍然面临不容忽视的挑战.在中印关系中,双方的安全知觉是错位的,即在周边安全环境中,中国并不认为印度是中国安全环境面临的主要威胁,印度则认为中国是其周边安全环境中最首要的因素.在这点上,从2002~2003年度至2018~2019年度印度国防报告中均有体现.毋庸置疑,历年的印度国防报告形成于印度安全知觉与实践的基础之上,较为系统地反映了印度在全球与地区层面对中国的安全知觉意象,涉及中国的内容也较为全面地反映了印度对中国在其地区安全架构中的看法与知觉.厘清这些印度对华安全知觉意象对于思考未来中印关系的走向具有重要意义.同时,根据历年印度国防报告及其综合的外交实践,大致可以勾勒出印度对华安全战略的形态.研究认为,如何稳妥地促进印度地区安全知觉中中国意象的转变是中印关系健康发展面临的重大挑战,也是一项紧迫任务.

India is China’s largest neighbor and is critical for China’s strategy vis-a-vis its periphery.Managing relations with India has always been a critical topic for China’s foreign strategy.Following the Doklani Standoff,China and India have maintained high levels of close interactions,which has improved relations between the two states.Objectively speaking,because of the complex ways in which China is perceived in terms of Indian regional security,major challenges remain in terms of the development of bilateral relations.There are significant misunderstandings on both sides of the bilateral relationship between India and China.For example,China does not believe that India represents a significant threat to its regional security.Meanwhile,India does believe that China is the most critical aspect of Indian regional security.This point is clear from a review of the Indian national defense reports from 2002-2003 until 2018-2019.Without any doubt,India’s defense reports have been developed on the basis of India’s perceptions and experience with respect to security and reflect fairly systematically India’s perceptions towards China when it comes to both global and regional security concerns.The content of these reports relevant to China can further be taken to reflect India’s perspectives and positions with respect to how China features in its regional security frameworks.Reviewing India’s historical perceptions and security considerations vis-d-vis China can also be useful for understanding the future direction of Sino-India relations.At the same time,on the basis of India’s historical national defense reports and its foreign policy in practice,we can roughly outline India’s security strategy with respect to China.It is argued that a critical challenge to the future healthy development of relations between China and India is question of how to best shift the perceptions of India with respect to China’s role into a more positive direction.This is indeed a very urgent task.