整风运动的心灵史

The History of Souls in the Rectification Movement

整风运动在中共历史的书写上,地位非同一般。整风的价值,固然体现于政治原则、组织纪律、意识形态等方面,细细追索,或许其对中共新的政治文化的创造,更具持久和普遍意义。整风以运动的形式,通过训导和规范,促使党员在个体选择、个人生活上自觉按党的期望和标准要求自己,把自己打造成对党完全忠诚的“透明人”,这样的规训实践在共产主义政党中也罕有先例。整风对自由主义、个人英雄主义的批判,虽然不及对教条主义、经验主义的批判那样广为人知,实际却具有不可低估的意义。

The Rectification Movement had a pivotal position in the history of the Communist Party of China. The velue of this movement surely was represented in the aspects of political principles, organizational discipline, and ideolooy, but it also had lony-lastiny and general significance in the creation of the new political culture of the Party. Through discipline and normalization, the Rectification Movement encouraged party members to willfully make personal choices and conduct personal lives according to the expectation and standard of the Party, so as to forge “ transparant personalities ” that completely open and loyal to the Party. This kind of disciplinary practice was rare even in the communist parties. The critique of the Rectification Movement against liberalism and individualism was not so well known as the critique against dogmatism and empiricism, but its sicnificance should not be underestimated.