多倍体植物复杂性状全基因组关联分析研究进展

Advance in Genome-wide Association Analysis of Complex Traits for Polyploid Plants

多倍体普遍存在于植物界尤其是被子植物中,多倍化的发生有利于植物进化,其在物种遗传多样性和适应性等方面有着显著优势。研究表明植物几乎所有的重要经济性状均为复杂性状,这些复杂性状往往由多基因控制,且与非遗传(环境)因素共同决定。高通量测序技术的发展使得测序成本不断降低,高密度覆盖的标记使得基因型鉴定更加精确化,因此全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study, GWAS)已成为研究多倍体植物复杂性状的新策略。本综述介绍了植物多倍体研究的意义、复杂性状的遗传学背景以及GWAS的一般流程,简要分析了多倍体GWAS的特点,并回顾了当前多倍体植物GWAS在复杂性状基因位点中所取得的研究进展,旨在为多倍体植物重要性状的遗传改良及分子辅助育种提供理论支持。

Polyploidy occurs commonly in plant species,especially in angiosperms.Polyploidization is beneficial in plant evolution and it has significant advantages in genetic diversity and adaptability of species.Studies have shown that almost all important economic traits in plants are complex traits.These complex traits are controlled by multiple genes and determined by non-genetic(environmental)factors together.With the development of high throughput sequencing technology,high density markers make genotype identification more precise.Genome-wide association study(GWAS)has become a new strategy for studies on complex traits of polyploid plants.From the polyploid point of view,this paper introduced in three aspects of its significance in plant evolution,genetic research background of complex traits and the general flow of GWAS.The characteristics of GWAS in polyploid are briefly analyzed,and the current research progress of the GWAS with important gene loci was reviewed,in order to provide theoretical support for the genetic improvement and molecular assisted breeding of the important traits of polyploid plants.